One-day watershed simulations

Functions to perform one-day simulations on a watershed described by a set of connected grid cells.

Function spwb_land_day implements a distributed hydrological model that simulates daily local water balance, from spwb_day, on grid cells of a watershed while accounting for overland runoff, subsurface flow and groundwater flow between cells.
Function growth_land_day is similar to spwb_land_day, but includes daily local carbon balance, growth and mortality processes in grid cells, provided by growth_day.

Usage

spwb_land_day(
  r,
  sf,
  SpParams,
  meteo = NULL,
  date = NULL,
  local_control = medfate::defaultControl(soilDomains = "single"),
  watershed_control = default_watershed_control(),
  progress = TRUE
)

growth_land_day(
  r,
  sf,
  SpParams,
  meteo = NULL,
  date = NULL,
  local_control = medfate::defaultControl(soilDomains = "single"),
  watershed_control = default_watershed_control(),
  progress = TRUE
)

Arguments

r: An object of class SpatRaster, defining the raster topology.
sf: An object of class sf as described in spwb_land.
SpParams: A data frame with species parameters (see SpParamsMED).
meteo: Input meteorological data (see spwb_spatial and details).
date: A string with the date to be simulated.
local_control: A list of control parameters (see defaultControl) for function spwb_day or growth_day.
watershed_control: A list of watershed control parameters (see default_watershed_control). Importantly, the sub-model used for lateral water flows - either Francés et al. (2007) or Caviedes-Voullième et al. (2023) - is specified there.
progress: Boolean flag to display progress information for simulations.

Value

Functions spwb_land_day and spwb_land_day return a sf object:

geometry: Spatial geometry.
state: A list of model input objects for each simulated stand.
aquifer: A numeric vector with the water volume in the aquifer of each cell.
snowpack: A numeric vector with the snowpack water equivalent volume of each cell.
result: A list of cell detailed results (only for those indicated in the input), with contents depending on the local model.
outlet: A logical vector indicating outlet cells (for subsequent simulations).
outlet_backlog: A list vector indicating channel backlog of outlet cells.
MinTemperature: Minimum temperature (degrees Celsius).
MaxTemperature: Maximum temperature (degrees Celsius).
PET: Potential evapotranspiration (in mm).
Rain: Rainfall (in mm).
Snow: Snowfall (in mm).
Snowmelt: Snow melt (in mm).
Interception: Rainfall interception (in mm).
NetRain: Net rainfall, i.e. throughfall, (in mm).
Infiltration: The amount of water infiltrating into the soil (in mm).
InfiltrationExcess: The amount of water exceeding the soil infiltration capacity (in mm).
SaturationExcess: The amount of water that reaches the soil surface because of soil saturation (in mm).
Runoff: The amount of water exported via surface runoff (in mm).
DeepDrainage: The amount of water draining from soil to the aquifer via deep drainage (in mm).
CapillarityRise: Water entering the soil via capillarity rise (mm) from the water table.
SoilEvaporation: Bare soil evaporation (in mm).
Transpiration: Woody plant transpiration (in mm).
HerbTranspiration: Herbaceous transpiration (in mm).
InterflowInput: The amount of water that reaches the soil of the cell from adjacent cells via subsurface flow (in mm).
InterflowOutput: The amount of water that leaves the soil of the cell towards adjacent cells via subsurface flow (in mm).
InterflowBalance: The balance of water circulating via subsurface flow (in mm).
BaseflowInput: The amount of water that reaches the aquifer of the cell from adjacent cells via groundwater flow (in mm).
BaseflowOutput: The amount of water that leaves the aquifer of the cell towards adjacent cells via groundwater flow (in mm).
BaseflowBalance: The balance of water circulating via groundwater flow (in mm).
AquiferExfiltration: The amount of water of the cell that generates surface runoff due to the aquifer reaching the soil surface (in mm).

Details

See details in spwb_land. Subwatershed units and parallelization are not possible, at present, for single-day watershed simulations.

References

Francés, F., Vélez, J.I. & Vélez, J.J. (2007). Split-parameter structure for the automatic calibration of distributed hydrological models. Journal of Hydrology, 332, 226–240.

Caviedes-Voullième, D., Morales-Hernández, M., Norman, M.R. & Ogzen-Xian, I. (2023). SERGHEI (SERGHEI-SWE) v1.0: a performance-portable high-performance parallel-computing shallow-water solver for hydrology and environmental hydraulics. Geoscientific Model Development, 16, 977-1008.

Author

Miquel De Cáceres Ainsa, CREAF.

Maria González-Sanchís, Universitat Politecnica de Valencia.

Daniel Caviedes-Voullième, Forschungszentrum Julich.

Mario Morales-Hernández, Universidad de Zaragoza.

Examples

# Load example watershed data after burnin period
data("example_watershed_burnin")

# Set request for daily model results in cells number 3, 6 (outlet) and 9
example_watershed_burnin$result_cell <- FALSE
example_watershed_burnin$result_cell[c(3,6,9)] <- TRUE

# Get bounding box to determine limits
b <- sf::st_bbox(example_watershed_burnin)
b
#>    xmin    ymin    xmax    ymax 
#>  401430 4671870  402830 4672570 

# Define a raster topology, using terra package, 
# with the same CRS as the watershed. In this example cells have 100 m side.
# Coordinates in the 'sf' object are assumed to be cell centers
r <-terra::rast(xmin = 401380, ymin = 4671820, xmax = 402880, ymax = 4672620, 
                nrow = 8, ncol = 15, crs = "epsg:32631")

# Load example meteo data frame from package meteoland
data("examplemeteo")
  
# Load default medfate parameters
data("SpParamsMED")
  
# Watershed control parameters (TETIS model; Frances et al. 2007)
ws_control <- default_watershed_control("tetis")

# Launch simulation 
date <- "2001-03-01"
sf_out <- spwb_land_day(r, example_watershed_burnin, SpParamsMED, examplemeteo, 
                        date = date, 
                        watershed_control = ws_control)
#> 
#> ── Simulation of model 'spwb' over a watershed for day '2001-03-01' ────────────
#> ℹ Checking topology
#> ✔ Checking topology [17ms]
#> 
#> ℹ Checking 'sf' data
#> ✔ Checking 'sf' data [24ms]
#> 
#> ℹ Determining neighbors and discharge for TETIS
#> ✔ Determining neighbors and discharge for TETIS [17ms]
#> 
#> • Hydrological model: TETIS
#> • Number of grid cells: 120 Number of target cells: 66
#> • Average cell area: 10006 m2, Total area: 120 ha, Target area: 66 ha
#> • Cell land use wildland: 48 agriculture: 17 artificial: 0 rock: 1 water: 0
#> • Cells with soil: 65
#> • Number of cells with daily model results requested: 3
#> • Number of channel cells: 0
#> • Number of outlet cells: 1
#> ℹ Building spwb input
#> ✔ Building spwb input [6ms]
#> 
#> ℹ 0 cells needed initialization
#> ✔ 0 cells needed initialization [69ms]
#>