Function fuel_stratification provides a stratification of the stand into understory and canopy strata.
Function fuel_FCCS calculates fuel characteristics from a forest object
following an adaptation of the protocols described for the Fuel Characteristics Classification System (Prichard et al. 2013).
Function fuel_windAdjustmentFactor determines the adjustment factor of wind for surface fires, according to Andrews (2012).
fuel_stratification(
object,
SpParams,
gdd = NA_real_,
heightProfileStep = 10,
maxHeightProfile = 5000,
bulkDensityThreshold = 0.05
)
fuel_FCCS(
object,
SpParams,
cohortFMC = as.numeric(c()),
gdd = NA_real_,
heightProfileStep = 10,
maxHeightProfile = 5000,
bulkDensityThreshold = 0.05,
depthMode = "crownaverage"
)
fuel_windAdjustmentFactor(
topShrubHeight,
bottomCanopyHeight,
topCanopyHeight,
canopyCover
)An object of class forest
A data frame with species parameters (see SpParamsMED).
Growth degree-days.
Precision for the fuel bulk density profile.
Maximum height for the fuel bulk density profile.
Minimum fuel bulk density to delimit fuel strata.
A numeric vector of (actual) fuel moisture content by cohort.
Specifies how fuel depth (and therefore canopy and understory bulk density) should be estimated:
"crownaverage": As weighed average of crown lengths using loadings as weights.
"profile": As the difference of base and top heights in bulk density profiles.
"absoluteprofile": As the difference of absolute base and absolute top heights in bulk density profiles.
Shrub stratum top height (in m).
Canopy base height (in m).
Canopy top height (in m).
Canopy percent cover.
Function fuel_FCCS returns a data frame with five rows corresponding to fuel layers:
canopy, shrub, herb, woody and litter. Columns correspond fuel properties:
w: Fine fuel loading (in kg/m2).
cover: Percent cover.
hbc: Height to base of crowns (in m).
htc: Height to top of crowns (in m).
delta: Fuel depth (in m).
rhob: Fuel bulk density (in kg/m3).
rhop: Fuel particle density (in kg/m3).
PV: Particle volume (in m3/m2).
beta: Packing ratio (unitless).
betarel: Relative packing ratio (unitless).
etabetarel: Reaction efficiency (unitless).
sigma: Surface area-to-volume ratio (m2/m3).
pDead: Proportion of dead fuels.
FAI: Fuel area index (unitless).
h: High heat content (in kJ/kg).
RV: Reactive volume (in m3/m2).
MinFMC: Minimum fuel moisture content (as percent over dry weight).
MaxFMC: Maximum fuel moisture content (as percent over dry weight).
ActFMC: Actual fuel moisture content (as percent over dry weight). These are set to NA if parameter cohortFMC is empty.
Function fuel_stratification returns a list with the following items:
surfaceLayerBaseHeight: Base height of crowns of shrubs in the surface layer (in cm).
surfaceLayerTopHeight: Top height of crowns of shrubs in the surface layer (in cm).
understoryLAI: Cumulated LAI of the understory layer (i.e. leaf area comprised between surface layer base and top heights).
canopyBaseHeight: Base height of tree crowns in the canopy (in cm).
canopyTopHeight: Top height of tree crowns in the canopy (in cm).
canopyLAI: Cumulated LAI of the canopy (i.e. leaf area comprised between canopy base and top heights).
Function fuel_cohortFineFMC returns a list with three matrices (for leaves, twigs and fine fuels).
Each of them contains live moisture content values for each day (in rows) and plant cohort (in columns).
Function fuel_windAdjustmentFactor returns a value between 0 and 1.
Andrews, P. L. 2012. Modeling wind adjustment factor and midflame wind speed for Rothermel’s surface fire spread model. USDA Forest Service - General Technical Report RMRS-GTR:1–39.
Prichard, S. J., D. V Sandberg, R. D. Ottmar, E. Eberhardt, A. Andreu, P. Eagle, and K. Swedin. 2013. Classification System Version 3.0: Technical Documentation.
Reinhardt, E., D. Lutes, and J. Scott. 2006. FuelCalc: A method for estimating fuel characteristics. Pages 273–282.
#Load example plot plant data
data(exampleforest)
#Default species parameterization
data(SpParamsMED)
#Show stratification of fuels
fuel_stratification(exampleforest, SpParamsMED)
#> $surfaceLayerBaseHeight
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $surfaceLayerTopHeight
#> [1] 10
#>
#> $surfaceLayerAbsoluteBaseHeight
#> [1] 10
#>
#> $surfaceLayerAbsoluteTopHeight
#> [1] 80
#>
#> $understoryLAI
#> [1] 0
#>
#> $canopyBaseHeight
#> [1] 270
#>
#> $canopyTopHeight
#> [1] 710
#>
#> $canopyAbsoluteBaseHeight
#> [1] 260
#>
#> $canopyAbsoluteTopHeight
#> [1] 790
#>
#> $canopyLAI
#> [1] 1.453648
#>
#Calculate fuel properties according to FCCS
fccs = fuel_FCCS(exampleforest, SpParamsMED)
fccs
#> w cover hbc htc habc hatc delta rhob rhop
#> canopy 0.52550038 100.00 2.7 7.1 2.6 7.9 4.791658510 0.10966983 592.0044
#> shrub 0.01407945 3.75 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.642625347 0.02190927 412.0091
#> herb 0.01929299 10.00 0.0 NA 0.0 NA 0.200000000 0.09646495 400.0000
#> woody 0.16542073 NA 0.0 NA 0.0 NA 0.006258824 26.43000000 438.9106
#> litter 0.23060466 NA 0.0 NA 0.0 NA 0.011699765 19.71019565 370.9679
#> PV beta betarel etabetarel sigma pDead
#> canopy 9.181138e-04 1.916067e-04 0.1276082 0.3053187 5284.915 0.0004081897
#> shrub 3.417267e-05 5.317666e-05 0.2856939 0.5836066 4141.000 0.1448400000
#> herb 4.823248e-05 2.411624e-04 0.6924824 0.9418071 11483.000 0.0000000000
#> woody 3.768894e-04 6.021728e-02 0.6924824 0.9418071 1601.050 1.0000000000
#> litter 6.216297e-04 5.313181e-02 9.1968815 0.1441747 7401.336 1.0000000000
#> FAI h RV MinFMC MaxFMC ActFMC
#> canopy 5.0076821 21059.75 8.876630e-04 75.21455 113.45355 NA
#> shrub 0.1415090 20117.67 3.417267e-05 63.64891 96.53441 NA
#> herb 0.5538535 18608.00 4.823248e-05 NA NA NA
#> woody 0.6034187 18608.00 3.768894e-04 NA NA NA
#> litter 4.6008905 18608.00 6.216297e-04 NA NA NA
fuel_windAdjustmentFactor(fccs$htc[2], fccs$hbc[1], fccs$htc[1], fccs$cover[1])
#> [1] 0.2029332